It looks to me like your explorer.exe is corrupted. Even if it's a display issue, you should still see the taskbar at the bottom.
So you don't have media for a reinstall, huh? If you can get to the control panel (metro style, not in explorer), Windows 8 has a built in refresh option that should be able to take windows back to its original state. However, your explorer may be broken due to a virus! I doubt refreshing it in this manner would do much help unless you opted to have it really scrub all of your files while it refreshes, which you may not want to do if you have valuable data.
Overall pretty cruddy situation to be in!